BICENTENNIAL OF CHILE, THE PAST AND PRESENT 
Adriana Cedillo
On the road to reconstruction the country, its history and its forms of political reorganization, the Bicentennial of Chile allows a sort of reflection from different angles. Thus, a series of festivities and great works, the Republic of Chile recall this date, on 18 September.
This commemoration is marked by two recent events: an earthquake on Feb. 27 that struck the south central area of \u200b\u200bthe country, the political realignment that, after twenty years of the mandate of the coalition, given the right presidential power .
Chile, lives on a stage celebration of bicentennial eight other Latin American countries, which since 2007 multilateral forum formed the "Group Bicentennial, with the aim of promoting and organizing this celebration together. Bicentennial Plan
Bicentennial Plan was created with the first Bicentennial Commission during the presidency of Ricardo Lagos in 2002. Currently, this office is headed by Pauline Kantor, who took the responsibility to complete the task, having been in the hands of Javier Luis Egana, in recent years he ruled the Coalition.
This plan highlights major roadworks and infrastructure: the Plaza of Citizenship, Mapocho Great Park, the Palace Cultural Center of the Currency, the Centro Cultural Gabriela Mistral, the New Museum of Fine Arts, the National Stadium Renovation, the E-ELT Telescope Bicentennial, the Emerald Museum Iquique, a memorial 27/02, the placement of 200 plates in historic buildings the expansion of Pre-Columbian Art Museum, among others.
On Sept. 4, will begin the first stage of the Centro Cultural Gabriela Mistral and the 12th of that month, the refurbishment of the National Stadium. Other works, to be launched this year, are expected to be completed during 2011.
On the other hand, are the celebrations of national holidays, which amount to almost $ 3 million. Thus, the president announced the scheduling Sebastián Piñera of weeks homelands, which are divided into National Unity Week, the week of the Republican report, and, finally, on 18, 19 and 20 September, there will be military parades and naval forces in the cities of Santiago and Valparaiso.
A series of events, although not part of the Bicentennial Plan, have joined the largest chains of Chilean television. So that, Channel 13 launched various programs since 2005 alluding to the date and other television channels as Chilevisión, Television Nacional de Chile (TVN), The Red and Mega also added to this generation of content.
"The conclusion must be republican and simple": Conciliation Socialist Party vice-president, Juan Valdes, said that the celebrations "should be allowed to celebrate with dignity, but also understand and be in solidarity with the suffering of many Chileans who are not able to hold many things this year. "
"Chile in this bicentennial is crossed by one of the tragedies perhaps one of the largest in its history, a 8.8 magnitude earthquake that left thousands of subsistence difficulties, but we can not stop, then this is a situation with many contradictions because you want to celebrate this year, but we also have this situation, "said Valdes.
addition, "the Bicentennial is an important date for a society that has reached two hundred years of democracy, freedom, everything that has happened in this long history of life. We had a coup that was very brutal, perhaps the largest in Latin America, specifically against a Democratic president and a socialist in 1973. "
An historical: the role of the plebs in revolutions "speak now of the commemoration is talking about the celebration of the oligarchy, which for 200 years has maintained dominated the village, but it is a memorial in which the people have much to say except the party, "said Leonard Leo, a historian at the University of Chile .
In an interview, the author of Low Town and City Council in Santiago de Chile Colonial, 1758-1768 expresses an historical perspective from the study of the populace, so that gives a little interpretation Chilean official bicentennial, expressing that " a revolution that took place in the country was a political struggle that simply left in the hands of the aristocracy, which lacked political power. "
"The knowledge we have on the independence process in Chile, from historiography or the history of the Republic of the nineteenth century, a story from a class point of view, reflects the interests, intentions and perceptions of those won the revolution ", she said.
The historian states that on September 18, 1810, people talk of celebrating the bicentennial of independence, but this time, what took place was the meeting of a Governing Board, an act very institution of choice a remarkable group to choose the city from the administrative acephaly that was the rule. But independence, as such, Chile was declared in early 1818. "
From a class study approach, the academician, Bicentennial qualifies as "a party of the oligarchy that is installed oligarchic government in Chile is called exactly a conservative or oligarchic government that remains in the nineteenth century."
"What is the fundamental problem to be solved? -Whether installing a monarchy or a republican system. My interpretation is that the problem to be resolved was what to do with the mob, "he asked.
"And then, what to do with the populace in Latin America since the mid eighteenth century was the big problem that had been considering what to do with this mixed world, popular, massive, which is out of control, which plays its culture, the world outside the world of the aristocracy, which has its own economy and lives of a independently in colonial society?
"What to do with that majority world who does not bow to the dictates of the aristocracy?, Then I think of Tupac Amaru, the commoners, in Hidalgo, in the Llanos of Venezuela, the gauchos of Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. So I would say that the American revolutions of 1810 are political movements of the aristocracy dedicated to prevent a mass uprising of the populace. And that lasts until today, then the big problem is this, "she says.
"And he fixed between them," he continues, the factions of the oligarchy. In short, it installs an aristocratic dictatorship through a dictatorship in Latin America. "
From the perspective of Leo, "the revolution of independence has a bad name, this is a coup, because it never constituted a social reform and so, when Mexico raised the country in 1910 with the Mexican Revolution, that yes it was a social revolution that has failed, another story, but there again emerges in Latin America that the fight should be for justice and not on capturing power.
"In Chile, when it was an attempted revolution ended with the Presidential Palace bombing and death of the constitutional president Salvador Allende in 1973, is well aware of the blood that ran when the people tried to do justice and when the people intended to be free and that is the story of America. "
